2017_dec Booklet A Part C Q78 📚 Petrology & Mineralogy
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Question 78

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Archean cratonic terranes are typically characterized by a distinctive suite of rock associations including komatiites (rare, ultra-high-temperature ultramafic lavas largely restricted to the Archean and earliest Proterozoic due to hotter mantle conditions), tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) gneiss suites (forming the dominant felsic continental crust of Archean cratons), and greenstone belts (linear to arcuate belts of variably metamorphosed volcanic and sedimentary rocks); true, complete ophiolite sequences (representing obducted modern-style oceanic lithosphere with a full sheeted dike complex), by contrast, are notably rare to absent in the Archean rock record, reflecting debated but likely different (hotter, possibly non-plate-tectonic or different-style plate tectonic) conditions in the early Earth compared to the Phanerozoic.
Archean cratons are classically built from a combination of three characteristic components: komatiites, ultramafic volcanic rocks that require very high mantle melting temperatures (much higher...

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