Different marine authigenic/biogenic deposits form under characteristic water-mass conditions: coral aragonite requires clear, biologically productive shallow waters; phosphorite nodules form where intense upwelling supplies phosphate-rich water; Fe-Mn oxide (nodule) deposits require deep, well-oxygenated bottom water; and massive sulphide deposits form from oxygen-poor, reducing hydrothermal vent fluids.
Coral aragonite forms in clear waters rich in biological productivity (i-B); phosphorite nodules form via intense upwelling of phosphate-rich water (ii-A); Fe-Mn oxide deposits (manganese...
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