Coastal upwelling off Peru brings cold, CO2-rich, low-pH subsurface water to the surface; the strength of this upwelling (and hence surface pH) varies with ENSO phase, being enhanced during La Nina and suppressed during El Nino.
During La Nina years, stronger trade winds intensify coastal upwelling off Peru, bringing more CO2-rich, low-pH deep water to the surface, so surface ocean pH...
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