Numerical time-integration schemes differ in stability: explicit schemes (leap frog, Euler, modified Euler) are typically only conditionally stable (require a time-step restriction), while the implicit trapezoidal (Crank-Nicolson-type) scheme is unconditionally stable.
The trapezoidal implicit scheme averages the tendency at the current and next time step, which mathematically damps or neutrally propagates all frequency components regardless of...
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