Marine mineral deposits are classified by genetic process: biogenic (formed by/from organisms), hydrogenic (precipitated directly from seawater), and hydrothermal (precipitated from hot vent fluids).
Biogenic minerals are dominantly carbonates (skeletal calcium carbonate from organisms). Hydrogenic minerals precipitate slowly from ambient seawater, chiefly as phosphorite (and Mn-Fe oxide crusts/nodules). Hydrothermal...
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