The global thermohaline (oceanic conveyor belt) circulation has a surface return-flow pathway that carries warm water from the Pacific/Indian Ocean back toward the North Atlantic to compensate for North Atlantic Deep Water formation. This surface pathway sequentially involves the Indonesian throughflow, the Agulhas Current, the Benguela Current, and finally the Gulf Stream.
In the global conveyor belt model, deep water formed in the North Atlantic flows southward as North Atlantic Deep Water, eventually upwelling in the Indian...
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