Ecological succession in coastal upwelling regions follows a characteristic trophic progression: nutrient-rich upwelled water first stimulates a bloom of primary producers (diatoms), which are grazed upon by herbivorous zooplankton (copepods), which in turn are consumed by planktivorous fish (such as anchovies), which are finally preyed upon by larger predatory fish (such as mackerel-type scombrids), illustrating the sequential transfer of energy and biomass through successive trophic levels as the upwelling event matures.